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  1. Machine language | Programming, Algorithms & Syntax | Britannica

    Oct 14, 2025 · Machine language, the numeric codes for the operations that a particular computer can execute directly. The codes are strings of 0s and 1s, or binary digits (“bits”), which are frequently …

  2. Central processing unit (CPU) | Definition & Function | Britannica

    Nov 29, 2025 · Central processing unit (CPU), computer system, generally composed of the main memory, control unit, and arithmetic-logic unit. It constitutes the physical heart of the entire computer …

  3. Pattern recognition | Definition, Applications, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 10, 2025 · Pattern recognition, in computer science, the imposition of identity on input data, such as speech, images, or a stream of text, by the recognition and delineation of patterns it contains and …

  4. Computer animation | Definition & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 7, 2025 · When a three-dimensional figure is translated into computer terms (digitized), the computer can generate and display a sequence of images that seem to move or rotate the object …

  5. Science & Tech | Britannica

    Science & Tech How Do Black Holes Really Work? What is really going on inside of these terrifying faraway entities?

  6. Hardware | Definition, Devices, & Facts | Britannica

    Hardware design specifies a computer’s capability; software instructs the computer on what to do. The advent of microprocessors in the late 1970s led to much smaller hardware assemblies and …

  7. Computer programming language | Definition, Examples, & Popularity ...

    Oct 15, 2025 · A computer programming language is any of various languages for expressing a set of detailed instructions for a computer. The earliest programming languages were assembly languages, …

  8. Computer science and its application in various fields | Britannica

    computer science, Study of computers, their design (see computer architecture), and their uses for computation, data processing, and systems control, including design and development of computer …

  9. Physical science | Definition, History, & Topics | Britannica

    Physical science is ordinarily thought of as consisting of four broad areas: astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the Earth sciences. Each of these is in turn divided into fields and subfields.

  10. Behavioral science | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica

    The field grew out of advances in Gestalt, developmental, and comparative psychology and in computer science, particularly information-processing research. Cognitive psychology shares many research …